Free Essays on Police Officers

Police Officers I choose police officers, because they are a part of everyone’s lives in one way or another. Police officer’s have been stereotyped in many different ways. From both good and bad perspectives. As far as the bad perspective goes, most people believe police officers are nothing more than powers of these accusations are that police officers take bribes, take the drugs they happen to come across, or they just beat people for no reason. The horrific ordeal with Rodney King did not help the police force’s image at all. Although there are â€Å"bad cops† out there that do these crazy and terrible things, generally police officers do not fit these descriptions. We never see all the positive things police officers do on the televison, just the negative. The good stereotype is one that I wish was completely true. Through my experiences I have no... Free Essays on Police Officers Free Essays on Police Officers Police Officers I choose police officers, because they are a part of everyone’s lives in one way or another. Police officer’s have been stereotyped in many different ways. From both good and bad perspectives. As far as the bad perspective goes, most people believe police officers are nothing more than powers of these accusations are that police officers take bribes, take the drugs they happen to come across, or they just beat people for no reason. The horrific ordeal with Rodney King did not help the police force’s image at all. Although there are â€Å"bad cops† out there that do these crazy and terrible things, generally police officers do not fit these descriptions. We never see all the positive things police officers do on the televison, just the negative. The good stereotype is one that I wish was completely true. Through my experiences I have no...

Prepositions in Spanish

Prepositions in Spanish On the one hand, prepositions in Spanish are easy to understand, because they usually function in almost the same way as they do in English. On the other, prepositions are one of the most challenging aspects of using Spanish, because it is not always easy to remember one to use. A simple and very common preposition such as en can be translated not only as in, the most common translation, but also as to, by, and about, among others. What Are Prepositions in Spanish? A preposition is a type of word that is used to form a phrase; the phrase in turn functions as an adjective or adverb. In both English and Spanish, a preposition is followed by an object, which is a noun  or a word that functions as a noun.  (Sometimes in English a preposition can appear at the end of a sentence, but that cant be  done in Spanish.) Lets look at a couple of sample sentences to see how the preposition relates its object to other parts of a sentence. English: I (subject) am going (verb) to (preposition) the store (prepositional object).Spanish: Yo (subject) voy (verb) a (preposition) la tienda (prepositional object). In the above sentence the phrase to the store or a la tienda forms a phrase that functions as an adverb that complements the verb. Here is an example of a prepositional phrase that functions as an adjective: English: I (subject) see (verb) the shoe (direct object) under (preposition) the table (prepositional object).Spanish: Yo (subject) veo (verb) el zapato (direct object) bajo (preposition) la mesa (prepositional object). Common Spanish Prepositions Like English, Spanish has a few dozen prepositions. The following list shows the most common ones along with some of the most common meanings and some short sample sentences. A preposition that consists of two words is sometimes known as a compound preposition. a - to, at, by means of. Vamos a la ciudad. (We are going to the city.)Vengo a las tres. (I am coming at 3.)Viajamos a pie. We are traveling by foot. antes de - before. Leo antes de dormirme. (I read before going to sleep.) bajo - under, underneath. El perro est bajo la mesa. (The dog is under the table.) cerca de - near. El perro est cerca de la mesa. (The dog is near the table.) con - with. Voy con à ©l. (I am going with him.)Me gustarà ­a queso con la hamburguesa. (I would like cheese with the hamburger.) contra - against. Estoy contra la huelga. (I am against the strike.) de - of, from, indicating possession. El sombrero es hecho de papel. The hat is made of paper.Soy de Nueva York. (Im from New York.)Prefiero el carro de Juan. (I prefer Juans car. I prefer the car of Juan.) delante de - in front of. Mi carro est delante de la casa. (My car is in front of the house.) dentro de - inside, inside of. El perro est dentro de la jaula. (The dog is inside the cage.) desde - since, from. No comà ­ desde ayer. (I havent eaten since yesterday.)Tirà ³ el bà ©isbol desde la ventana. He threw the baseball from the window. despuà ©s de - after. Comemos despuà ©s de la clase. (We are eating after class.) detrs de - behind. El perro est detrs de la mesa. (The dog is behind the table.) durante - during. Dormimos durante la clase. (We slept during the class.) en - in, on. Ella est en Nueva York. (She is in New York.)El perro est en la mesa. (The dog is on the table.) encima de - on top of. El gato est encima de la casa. (The cat is on top of the house.) enfrente de - in front of. El perro est enfrente de la mesa. (The dog is in front of the table.) entre - between, among. El perro est entre la mesa y el sof. (The dog is between the table and the sofa.)Andemos entre los rboles. (Lets walk among the trees.) fuera de - outside, outside of. El perro est fuera de la casa. (The dog is outside of the house.) hacia - toward. Caminamos hacia la escuela. (We are walking toward the school.) hasta - until, as far has. Duermo hasta las seis. (Im sleeping until 6.)Viajamos hasta la ciudad. (We are traveling as far as the city.) para - for, in order to. El regalo es para usted. (The gift is for you.)Trabajo para ser rico. (I work in order to be rich.) por - for, by, per. Damos gracias por la comida. (We give thanks for the meal.)Fue escrito por Juan. (It was written by Juan.)El peso cotiza a 19.1 por dà ³lar. (The peso is quoted at 19.1 per dollar.) segà ºn - according to. Segà ºn mi madre va a nevar. (According to my mother it is going to snow.) sin - without. Voy sin à ©l. (I am going without him.) sobre - over, about (in the sense of concerning). Se cayà ³ sobre la silla. (He fell over the chair.)Es un programa sobre el presidente. (Its a program about the president.) tras - after, behind. Caminaban uno tras otro. (They walked one after the other. They walked one behind the other.)

CNA Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CNA Code of Ethics - Essay Example The Canadian Code of Ethics The Canadian Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses plays a vital role because it reflects the involvement and nursing’s interest towards social justice by laying down corresponding ethical responsibilities and primary values which nurses who are registered in Canada are supposed to uphold in their course of duty. The Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses also comprises of statements with ethical issues which nurses may undertake in order to address social inequities that affect the well-being and health of their clients. The Code of Ethics plays a vital role for Canadian Registered Nurses because it contains ethical practice which stipulate that nurses should work with families, individuals, groups, communities and populations in order to expand the health care choices available and become aware that some individuals have limited choices due to geographic, social or economic factors, the lead to inequities (CNA, 2009). Soci al Justice Social Justice refers to the fair distribution of responsibilities and resources among the members of a given population taking into consideration the relative position of a given social group as compared with others in the community or society as a whole. Social justice also considers the major causes of disparities and the steps that can be taken in order to abolish or eliminate them. The term â€Å"resources† according to the concept of social justice in health and health care refer not only to the direct services but rather to other facets of life which can a have a positive impact on health, like for instance, gainful employment, food security, adequate income, a social safety net, adequate education and social inclusion. According to the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), these are collectively referred to as the factors found in the social environment which are external to the system of healthcare and which are known to exert a primary and potentially change able influence on the health of various populations. To take action meant for social justice implies attempting to reduce differences occurring on a system wide basis in which certain groups of disadvantaged people are prevented in getting equal access to health care services and the determinants of life (CNA, 2009). On the other hand, Social Justice in Health Care also implies working with the aim of preventing practices which are oppressive such as discrimination of people based on sexual orientation, age, gender or any other factors that comprise the wealth and health of an individual. Social justice can therefore occur on a one-to one interaction between healthcare providers in a health facility themselves or between a patient and the nurse. Social Justice is a Nursing Concern Social Justice is a nursing concern because given the fact that all societies are known to suffer from systematic, broad oppression and inequities, these are bound to have a negative impact on both an indi vidual and the communities’ health. The equity of societal relationships that are based on gender, race and economic status will result in the stability of health population indicators between the various groups, leading to national and international positive outcomes. It is therefore in this same breadth that the professional in the nursing organization endeavors to ensure that no person who is receiving health care is subjected to oppression or discrimination of any form through the

Comparative criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative criminal justice - Assignment Example ddition, the students have to study the legal knowledge foundations, which form the Academic Stage of the Legal Education and compulsory for the purposes of professional exemptions, especially where the students seek to proceed to the Vocational Stage of the Legal Education and Training. This is the final stage of qualification at the Bar. At this stage, under the supervision of an experienced barrister, the pupil obtains practical training. Pupilage stage is divided into two divisions: the practicing six months, also referred to as the first six and the non-practicing six months, also referred to as the second six. The structure includes two parts which are the practicing six months, also referred to as the first six and the non-practicing six months, also referred to as the second six. A person intending to practice as a barrister must train as a pupil for a defined period of not less than twelve months. In order to obtain the pupilage stage, a pupil must attend a course in an Advocacy Training and a course in Practice Management. These requirements must be met because a completion certificate is only awarded upon their completion. The students are also needed to pursue a course in Forensic Accountancy during this stage or within the first three years of their practice. The purpose of this training is to provide in-depth information on multiple matters that are regarded essential to the beginners in practice. This will help the beginners to bridge well between practice and pupilage. Therefore the topics to be covered

Oxford Guide to British and American Culture Essay Example for Free

Oxford Guide to British and American Culture Essay I would like to talk about the culture dictionary, more specifically about the Oxford Guide to British and American Culture. The importance of such dictionaries became unquestionable when the culturological approach to the study of languages appeared. This approach means the unity of the language and culture. To acquire a language, a person should have the knowledge of special features of communication, behavior, people’s mind, habits, values, traditions in the country which language he/she learns. Surely, the history and specific features of the particular country are embodied in its language. A language is a part of a culture. So the more you know culture of a particular country, the more you understand its language. In the most of dictionaries you can find cultural information and culture words. For example, â€Å"Whitehall† and â€Å"fly-fishing† in the Macmillan Dictionary and Thesaurus online, â€Å"Big Ben† in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English online. КÐ °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¸ Ð ºÃ °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. But if we compare these words with the same words in the Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, we will see that the second dictionary gives us more information and explanations about particular words and even gives us a lot of illustrations. So I would like to talk about this dictionary. It is published by the Oxford university press. This is the most up-to-date Guide to British and American culture that gives us an insight into what’s important in both countries today, what’s popular, and what people feel strongly about. It’s written for learners of English, in language that’s easy to understand. This Guide includes 10 000 entries of such areas as history, monuments, legends, festivals, music, food, shopping, literature and so on. It also includes special entries with extra vocabulary on topics such as advertising, football, beer and soap operas. This vocabulary is highlighted in dark type. So let’s look at entries of this dictionary and find out what information we can find there. Entry words or phrases are in dark type. Almost Each entry has grammar information. ( a part of speech, if it is a noun (countable or uncountable, plural or single, if it is a verb, transitive or intransitive), information about the usage of this word or phrase. Many words have the derivatives section which is marked by the special symbol. Many words have a transcription and in some entries we can see both British and American pronunciation. And we can see the information bout a stress. Many words have subject, regional or stylistic labels. If we look at some entries we can see the number in round brackets. It indicates what sense this meaning refers to. For example, the word Manhattan in this entry has the number one. It means that this word is given in the first sense. Many entries have words that are marked by the special symbol ( a star). It indicates an item with its own entry. In this dictionary there are special notes that can help to find out not only the meaning of a particular word but also offer the vocabulary on this topic. The vocabulary is highlighted in dark type. Above some head words we can see numbers. They distinguish separate entries for people, places, etc with the same name. In entries that give the information about people we can see numbers in round brackets that indicate birth and death dates or birth of a living person. In this dictionary there are a lot of â€Å"dummy† entries referring to main entries elsewhere. It can help to find a particular word if you know only its abbreviation. Also the entry gives information about an abbreviation. In some entries there are variants of head words (entry words) and explanations of uncommon words used in entry. There are a lot of examples of their usage in italic type. Many words have many senses. So in entries we can see separate numbered parts. In entries there are cross-references to contrasted entries and related entries. Also this dictionary is very good because it has a lot of illustrations and well-known quotations associated with a character or a person and extracts of famous poems. In this Guide there are boxes with additional information. In entries we can see cultural connotations. Inside front cover we can find information about abbreviations, symbols and labels used in the Guide. Inside back cover there is information about pronunciation and phonetic symbols. In this Guide there are colour pages on history and institutions of Britain and the USA (Maps, history, political parties, education, the Legal System and so on) Using this Guide you can get ideas of what to read. You can choose from lists of books that won the Booker and other prizes plus suggestions for further reading. In conclusion, Id like to say that the Oxford Guide to British and American Culture is a great choice for people who want to find out as much as possible about the culture of Great Britain and the USA without visiting these countries.

A case study on Levis Strauss. Essay -- Economics

A case study on Levis Strauss. Introduction Levis Strauss has been the market leader of blue denim Jeans since 1853, but of late the sales have started to plummet it has lost a huge amount of its share in the market. This has lead to closures of stores throughout America and layoff staff in this report I will look at the following questions 1. What is Levis Strauss environmental domain? 2. What factors in its environment are giving rise to opportunities and threats for Levis Strauss? 3. How are Levis managers trying to manage these opportunities and threats? 4. With reference to their Web site and additional research what is Levis current position. A report on Levis Strauss Question 1 Levis Strauss and co is one the worlds leading branded apparel companies. Levis design and market Jeans related products and casual clothes. Its product is sold world-wide. Established in 1853 by Levis Strauss it headquarters are based in San Francisco. It is a company that was valued over the 7 Billion dollar mark in 1997. Its most famous product lines are Silver Tab, Red Tab, Dockers and Levisengineered brand. At the current time Levis are trying to promote their New "Silver Tab" brand. It is regarded as their most "hippest clothes" and it appeals to the core teen market. Levis plan to spend 5 times the amount they have spent on the year before on promoting their products this is because they have realized recently they have lost a large sh...

Perception of Time

We often brag about the technological and scientific developments of today's modern society and how we benefit from these advancements. The barriers that were once created because of the diversity in culture were brought down by the modern trend of globalization. Culture is society's main foundation that is deeply rooted in our native land. Culture is a broad term encompassing tradition, ways, and means of leaving, traits and values. Every individual belongs to a certain culture to which he has to fit his activity, values, and attributes. Everyone is raised within the confinements of his or her own culture and brought up by beliefs, traditions, values, and traits which conform to the standards set by the culture that has long been intact in our society. The line of conflict between humans with regards to their culture starts when what is culturally acceptable to us may not be acceptable to others. Even science that we used to think is universal and adheres to generally accepted human principles is predominated with the culture of the people from the western hemisphere (Bartholomew 36). Some behaviors that do not comply with the standards of a certain culture are often remarked as an abnormality or deviance. Thus, even though science applies universal scientific principles, it is never neutral in determining what is deviant or abnormal and what is not (Bartholomew 36). It can never really explain why some cultures do certain practices that are not culturally accepted in other countries. We used to separate behaviors and label them as normal, moral and legal. Other traits, practices and rituals that do not fit in what is accepted in our culture are recognized as otherwise. These activities reflect a person's prevailing norms, values, and beliefs that he adheres to at a particular time and place (Bartholomew 36). The psychological aspect that is responsible for the discrepancies in people's culture and how it affects our perception is cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a theory of knowledge that is responsible for the person's judgment on what is deemed as acceptable. This judgment is anchored to his or her beliefs, values, and attitudes that are shaped by the culture he or she was accustomed to (Bartholomew 37). Hence, the culture of individuals influences their perception on things around them. They view things according to their existing beliefs and values. Time is also perceived differently in many cultures. Individuals see time differently today than the people in the past used to ages ago. Through the invention of time devices, the people of modern times are able to track time by the hour, by the minute, by the second, and even by the millisecond. Thus, the people’s perception of time molds them and their minds. The ancient people were only aware of the fundamental time—the night and day. They used to determine time by making interpretation of the celestial and heavenly bodies. Through the use of these methods, humans also acquired an understanding of the future. They perceived the future in terms of contingencies of cause and effect relationship. People were able to utilize their environment to develop a perception of time. Their ancient clocks and calendars were the daily motion of the sun and moon, as well as the season changes (Falk n. ). In 1895, H. G. Wells' book, The Time Machine, was made available for the public. Wells' fiction novel opens to people the possibility of traveling through time. The idea seemed impossible, but well-known Albert Einstein explained that attaining the ability or means to travel to the future or to the past is not improbable (Gott 8). Einstein proposed his theory special relativity in 1905, describing the possibility of time travel based on the descr iption of how time is measured differently by moving and still observers. It is further strengthened by his mathematics professor Hermann Minowski, looking at time mathematically as the fourth dimension (Gott 8). With all the psychological differences explained by cultural relativism, the different perception of time in each culture and society, and the possibility to travel through time, a clear, if not precise, definition of perception of time can be attained. 2. 0 Sources Edwin A. Abbot in Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions provides an overview of a two-dimensional world and guides his readers through some of the implications of life in two dimensions. Meanwhile, Robert Bartholomew, in his article â€Å"Borderlands: Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism,† explores the problem with cultural relativism, basically defined as the principle in which the belief of an individual is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the individual's own culture. Ray Bradbury in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† warns us that traveling to the past can be dangerous. Antonio Damasio, in his article â€Å"Remembering When† explains the concept of mind time. Dan Falk's â€Å"Past, Present, Future PERCEPTIONS OF TIME THROUGH THE AGES† presents differences in perceiving time through different ages. Richard J. Gott, in his book Time Travel in Einstein's Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time, discusses applications of time machine, wherein time travel is possible and how time travel can be explained in terms of physics and quantum mechanics. Dorinne K. Kondo in her article â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly† presents her experiences as a Japanese American woman. Robert Levine in A Geography of Time: The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist analyzes what it means to live beyond time or by time event. Richard E. Nisbett in his book The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently†¦ and Why confronts conjectures of well-known philosophers with a different take on human thought influenced by cultural ideologies and principles. The videotaped program Only Human presents few experiments which were created to learn various aspects of human behavior. The book How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Ag e by Theodore Schick, Jr. and Lewis Vaughn provides strange assertions and ideas abound in culture to illustrate the rational assessment of any claim. Finally, the videotaped program Time Travel shows that space is curved, time is relative, and time travel is theoretically possible. 3. 0 Results People live by the underlying rules and principles in the society where they belong. They adhere to the maxims and dogmas that have long been in existence. They pattern their everyday life according to these unwritten rules that governing the society. To conform to the traditional beliefs and values is to live harmoniously with the other people. People coexist in a society that must adapt and do what is culturally accepted to avoid being ostracized by the general public. . 1 Perception As mentioned earlier, cultural relativism explains the people's differences in perception. People’s judgment differs from one another because they pattern things according to their cultural preferences. If something fits their criteria as prescribed by their culture, then it is acceptable for them. Standards set by culture create cultural diversity in the world. According to Richard Nisbett, Westerners and East Asians looked at things differently resulting in dissimilarities in understanding. This is due to the difference in environment, social structures, philosophies, and educational background. In addition, it was discovered that Asian thought is holistic or a functional relationship of parts and the whole. They do not much rely on formal logic or categories. In comparison to the Westerners, people from the west mostly rely on formal logic to understand their behavior. In Dorinne Kondo’s article, â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly†, she relays her experiences upon conducting a research in Japan. She was raised as an American so she had a difficult time adjusting herself on the ways of living in Japan. This is because the Japanese perceive White people as different and offensive (Kondo 524). During the course of her stay in Japan, she had to learn their traditions, values, and most of all, their practices to be able to cope up with the new environment she was in. There came a point when she saw herself differently, not as the observer on the immersion she was doing but as part of the participants in her research. There is an existing dilemma brought by cultural relativism especially in the field of mental health. Psychiatry is a branch of psychological science that deals with human behavior. Through psychiatry, we are able to find out if we have acquired any psychological disorders. Basis on the diagnoses on such behavioral disorders is human behavior only without in-depth consideration of the underlying social, cultural, and political circumstances that brought up such behavior (Bartholomew 38). Examining closely the behavior of people's conformity to a group is discovering the power and influence of the majority in a certain society (Only Human n. p) Psychiatry can be considered as the most debatable branch of medicine. There is a necessary clarification on the term mental illness. â€Å"Illness† denotes an impairment or injury on any body's part. People who were diagnosed with mental illness do not have any injury, but only suffering living difficulties (Bartholomew 38). Based from the ideas discussed by Nisbett and Kondo, an American may experience difficulty adapting to an environment different from his usual environment and therefore may be tagged as mentally ill by the Japanese, or it could be the other way around. This just shows that there is an existing conflict brought about by cultural relativism. Due to the diversity of culture, there is no strong fundamental basis on what is a behavioral disorder. 3. 2 Time In a world where time is considered as a necessity while many of us try to squeeze in the tasks that we have to accomplish with the little time that we have, it is fascinating, and at the same time important, to learn how time was viewed and used through the course of human civilization. Across the centuries, humans have looked and treated time differently the way their ancestors used to perceive time. At present, there is an international standard of telling time and it is universal, for every nation adheres to that standard. Due to the rotation of the earth, people experience differences in time—when it is day in the east, it is nighttime in the west. Humans have developed a biological clock or circadian rhythm based on the daily activities and lifestyle of a person. This clock is located in the hypothalamus of one's brain. This is responsible for how a person’s body perceives time. For instance, it is nighttime in his or her biological clock if he or she feels tired and sleepy (Damasio 36). When the region of the brain that is highly important for learning and recalling new information is damaged, a major disturbance occurs in a person’s innate ability to place events in a chronological sequence. This is what happens to amnesiacs or people suffering from amnesia. They lose the ability to estimate the passage of time in different scales (Damasio 36). Amnesia is a permanent damage on the brain's hippocampus, a part of the brain essential to memory, and the temporal lobe, a region of the brain that serves as a two-way communication with the rest of the cerebral cortex. Damage in the hippocampus hinders the creation of new memories. Patients with an impaired hippocampus are known to have anterograde amnesia. They are unable to hold factual memories for longer than one minute. On the other hand, the amnesiacs that are unable to retrieve long-term memories are diagnosed with retrograde amnesia, which is characterized by an impaired in temporal lobe (Damasio 36). Amnesiacs do not have awareness of the correct time, which makes it difficult for them to place events in the right chronological order and store new factual memories. This deficiency greatly affects their way of living and their social interaction. The idea of time travel has not escape the imaginative minds of people. In 1895, H. G. Wells published the book The Time Machine, which opened the idea of time travel to the public. The proposition seemed so impossible but the physicist Einstein attempted to explain the possibility of such phenomenon through physics (Gott 8). In 1905, Einstein developed his theory of special relativity and explained how time is measured differently by still and moving objects. Einstein's mathematics professor Hermann Minowski expanded his theory and told that time could be treated mathematically as the universe's fourth dimension (Gott 8). If their proposition is correct, their theory would allow humans to travel back in time or go forth to the future. However, Ray Bradbury stated the dangers of time travel to the past and the possible effects to the present once the course of history is altered. Hence, the events that happened in the past cannot be touched for it will greatly affect the current circumstances. 3. 3 Perception of Time. Time is treated also differently in every culture. The differences in perception of things could be attributed to the cultural relativism aforementioned. Awareness of time is very important to humans. Today, we are paid by the hour and our daily routines are based on time. Our early ancestors utilized everything that can be found in their environment to be able to tell time. They used the daily motions of the moon and sun. Assuming an unconventional movement of the celestial bodies resulted in certain phenomena, they were able to perceive the future through a cause-and-effect relationship (Falk n. p). For example, the Babylonians had their way of foretelling events by means of hepatoscopy, which involves sacrificing a liver. They believed that through this ritual, the gods allow them to foresee the future (Schick and Vaughn 97). Different cultures developed various methods and devices to determine time. For instance, the Romans developed the calendar, which was by Pope Gregory XIII. The perception of time could also be considered necessary in one's cultural requirements. This is evident in the empires established in Latin America. These empires dictated how to regulate time in order to fix civil, agricultural, and religious dates. On the other hand, Muslims, maintain strict daily routine of timely prayers to keep track of time (Falk n. p). Today, we treat time as inanimate, passing in a constant rate. We are all considered as slaves of time. We can never hasten up or slow down the passage of time. However, this was not the case for the Maya, as time is organic for them. According to the Mayas, time can be stretched, shrunk, or even overpowered by human activity. In fact, many cultures perceived time as organic in nature. In these cultures, time was told through human activities and not through the constraints of a clock or a calendar (Falk n. ). 4. 0 Discussion In light of the findings provided by the sources, the existence of various traditions, beliefs, and values anchored to their culture has created a disparity in people’s perception. People act in accordance to their culture and society where they live. Behavior and action against the prevailing norms will be perceived by other people as a deviatio n or as a mental illness. This disparity in perception of right and wrong could be attributed to cultural relativism, or the difference in cultural beliefs and values. Throughout history, people have developed their perception of time. Our ancestors used conventional tools and devices to be able to tell time. Through the use of astrological components, they were able to acquire an understanding of the future events through cause-and-effect relationship by connecting a certain lunar or solar manifestation that resulted in certain events. Perception of time greatly depends on the brain’s functioning. An impairment of certain regions of the brain responsible for holding and storing memories and sequencing events in a chronological order deeply affects an individual’s perception of time. An example of this brain disorder is amnesia. Amnesiacs have an incorrect perception of time due to their ailment. The idea of time travel that seems unworkable was made theoretically possible by Einstein. In his theory of special relativity, he explained that the treating time as the universe's fourth dimension can make time travel possible. Still, there are dangers in traveling back to the past because it may alter the course of events and the present situations. There is no universal perception of time. Time is perceived differently in various cultures. Some culture perceive it as inanimate, others treat it as organic that can be controlled by human activity.

Be Able to Support Individuals to Use the Toilet

3. Be able to support individuals to use the toilet 3. 1 Provide support for the individual to use toilet facilities in ways that respect dignity 1. Offer the individual a help. 2. If the individual is not able to transfer by itself help him/her to transfer however encourage using their own strength as much as he/she is able in order to promote their independency. 3. When the individual is sitting on the toilet cover his/her private area with for example towel to respect their dignity. 4.Ask if they the individual needs some privacy, if it is save to live the individual by him/herself on the toilet inform that you are going to wait outside the toilet and when finish he/she can call you. In the situation when it is not safe to live the individual on the toilet, you can respect their privacy by turning around. 5. Do not make any comments which would make them feel uncomfortable. 3. 2 Support individual to make themselves clean and tidy after using toilet facilities Most of the service users at my work place require full support after using a toilet. However, we remained them to wash their hand after using the toilet.Those service users who are not able to wash their hands by themselves are supported by staff members. The service users who do not need a support with using the toilet are remanded to use it and to remember to wash their hands. 6. Be able to monitor and report on support for personal care 6. 1 Seek feedback from the individual and others on how well support for personal care meets the individual’s needs and preferences 1. Read Care Plans. 2. Ask the individual if the currently used methods meet their preferences. 3. Ask the individual if they would like to make any changes which would make their personal care more convenient, comfortable or njoyable. 4. Discuss with staff members how they can improve the support of the individual in order to meet their needs and preferences. 5. Upgrade Care Plans on the regular basis. 2. 2 Be able to contribut e to establishing the nature of specific communication needs of individuals and ways to address them Establishing the nature of specific communication: 1. Talk to family members to find the way how the individual used to communicate with them. 2. If the individual hasn’t got any family members read the care plan if any exists. 3. Observe the individual. 4. If the individual is verbal just talk to them.The ways to address: 1. Talk to them. 2. Give them choice. 3. Ask them showing the pictures. 4. Learn non verbal language (makaton) 5. Communication passport (for example a picture of service user when is happy, angry or sad). 6. Showing the trust by seeking the contact with support members (for example grabbing the hand, not ignoring when being asked). 2. 3 Explain how and when to access information and support about identifying and addressing specific communication needs When: 1. When the individual is new at the house. 2. When the individuals condition is getting worse How: 1 .Care Plan 2. Communication Passport 3. Family 4. Speech and Language Therapist 5. Basic information tables placed in each room 6. Know how to support the use of communication technology and aids 3. Explain the importance of ensuring that communication equipment is correctly set up and working properly This is important because it is necessary to know how to communicate with service users in order to meet their needs. It prevents unnecessary misunderstanding and follows it anxiety and irritation of service users. As such it decreases the possibility of provoking a challenging behaviour.

Electron Affinity (Chemistry Glossary Definition)

Electron Affinity (Chemistry Glossary Definition) Electron affinity reflects the ability of an atom to accept an electron. It is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom. Atoms with stronger effective nuclear charge have greater electron affinity. The reaction that occurs when an atom takes an electron may be represented as: X e−  Ã¢â€ â€™ X−   energy Another way to define electron affinity is as the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a singly charged negative ion: X−  Ã¢â€ â€™ X e− Key Takeaways: Electron Affinity Definition and Trend Electron affinity is the amount of energy required to detach one electron from a negatively charged ion of an atom or molecule.It is indicated using the symbol Ea and is usually expressed in units of kJ/mol.Electron affinity follows a trend on the periodic table. It increases moving down a column or group and also increases moving from left to right across a row or period (except for the noble gases).The value may be either positive or negative. A negative electron affinity means energy must be input in order to attach an electron to the ion. Here, electron capture is an endothermic process. If electron affinity is positive, the process is exothermic and occurs spontaneously. Electron Affinity Trend Electron affinity is one of the trends that can be predicted using the organization of elements in the periodic table. Electron affinity increases moving down an element group (periodic table column).Electron affinity generally increases moving left to right across an element period (periodic table row). The exception is the noble gases, which are in the last column of the table. Each of these elements has a completely filled valence electron shell and an electron affinity approaching zero. Nonmetals typically have higher electron affinity values than metals. Chlorine strongly attracts electrons. Mercury is the element with atoms that most weakly attract an electron. Electron affinity is more difficult to predict in molecules because their electronic structure is more complicated. Uses of Electron Affinity Keep in mind, electron affinity values only apply to gaseous atoms and molecules because the electron energy levels of liquids and solids are altered by interaction with other atoms and molecules. Even so, electron affinity has practical applications. It is used to measure chemical hardness, a measure of how charged and readily polarized Lewis acids and bases are. Its also used to predict electronic chemical potential. The primary use of electron affinity values is to determine whether an atom or molecule will act as an electron acceptor or an electron donor and whether a pair of reactants will participate in charge-transfer reactions. Electron Affinity Sign Convention Electron affinity is most often reported in units of kilojoule per mole (kJ/mol). Sometimes the values are given in terms of magnitudes relative to each other. If the value of electron affinity or Eea is negative, it means energy is required to attach an electron. Negative values are seen for the nitrogen atom and also for most captures of second electrons. It can also be seen for surfaces, such as diamond. For a negative value, the electron capture is an endothermic process: Eea   −ΔE(attach) The same equation applies if Eea  has a positive value. In this situation the change ΔE  has a negative value and indicates an exothermic process. Electron capture for most gas atoms (except noble gases) releases energy and is exothermic. One way to remember capturing an electron has a negative ΔE  is to remember energy is let go or released. Remember: ΔE  and Eea  have opposite signs! Example Electron Affinity Calculation The electron affinity of hydrogen is ΔH in the reaction: H(g) e- → H-(g); ΔH -73 kJ/mol, so the electron affinity of hydrogen is 73 kJ/mol. The plus sign isnt cited, though, so the Eea  is simply written as 73 kJ/mol. Sources Anslyn, Eric V.; Dougherty, Dennis A.  (2006). Modern Physical Organic Chemistry. University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-31-3.Atkins, Peter; Jones, Loretta (2010). Chemical Principles the Quest for Insight. Freeman, New York. ISBN 978-1-4292-1955-6.Himpsel, F.; Knapp, J.; Vanvechten, J.; Eastman, D. (1979). Quantum photoyield of diamond(111)- A stable negative-affinity emitter. Physical Review B. 20 (2): 624. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.20.624Tro, Nivaldo J. (2008). Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-100065-9.IUPAC (1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd Ed.) (the Gold Book). doi:10.1351/goldbook.E01977

Major Types Of Essays

Major Types Of Essays Learn the Most Widespread Types of Academic Essays In order to be successful in academic writing, you should be familiar with different types of essay. It is essential to understand what this particular kind of essay requires from you. There are a lot of top essay writing services which are always eager to help you perform your writing task no matter what type of essay it is. But don`t worry if you have never dealt with a descriptive or an argumentative essay. Almost all good writings begin with the terrible first efforts. You start from nothing and learn as you go. Here are the descriptions of the most popular types of essay. Describe Somebody or Something in Vivid Detail in Your Descriptive Essay â€Å"Describe a place you always wanted to visit†, â€Å"Describe a place where you feel safe and protected†, â€Å"Describe your best friend† – if you have received a similar writing prompt, it means that you are asked to write a descriptive essay. So, what is it actually? While writing this type of essay, you can take advantage of your artistic freedom and vivid imagination. Your main task is to create the unforgettable image by using imagery creatively. What is important to remember while writing a descriptive essay? Your title and introduction should be creative and appealing. Use quality, relevant and telling details. Don`t use repetitive ideas throughout. Let your audience feel, smell, picture and imagine things you are describing. Add your personality. Write from your knowledge or experience. h2Make a Claim and Prove Your Point in Your Argumentative Essay/h2 In the argumentative essay, you have to give your opinion on issues our society care most about. For example, you can be asked to answer such questions: - How should schools address bulling? - Does technology make us more alone? - Does reality TV promote dangerous stereotypes? Your primary aim is to change your reader`s attitude towards something by using proved facts, vivid illustrations and firm language. Of course, there can be a lot of people, who may have the opposite ideas. So, be always ready to fight against them. What is important to remember while writing an argumentative essay? Consider both sides of the argument before you choose your position. Show your ability to refute and anticipate any opposing arguments. Present the argument judiciously and fairly. Support your points with research and examples to strengthen your position. Don`t forget to explain to your audience why this particular issue is commonly debated. Explain a Topic or Inform Your Readers about Something in Your Expository Essay The purpose of a good expository essay is to explain, describe and inform. You are not allowed to write in the first person or reveal your personal feelings and emotions. Just use facts, statistics, and examples to define your topic. This type of essay requires a profound research to be carried out. The expository essay will help you practice your informative writing skills. There can be a variety of topics to choose from: Think about an occupation that is considered demanding or difficult. Describe true leadership. Describe the major stressors in teen`s lives. It is quite simple to write an expository essay if you bear such important things in mind: Organize your thoughts by using effective brainstorming techniques. Evaluate your sources for reputability and timeliness. Use attention getters such as questions, quotes or interesting facts. Explain in detail one of the main ideas in each body paragraph. Present information in logical and organized fashion. Reflect on the significance of the information you present. It is important to remember that expository essay encompasses many essay variations such as: HOW-TO ESSAY – explain how to do something paying close attention to details. CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY – explain the results or the reasons of the situation or effect. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY – explain differences and similarities between two subjects. PROCESS ESSAY – explain to your audience how to perform a particular task. Create a Story in Your Narrative Essay Let your creativity flow here. Your task is to make up a good story that is worth of excitement. You do not have to forget about several important elements if you want to do it in a right way. These elements include theme, mood, setting, characters, and plot. You can pick the question that inspires you the most to tell an interesting story. For example: What challenges have you overcome? What are your fears and phobias? When have you failed? What is important to remember while writing a narrative essay? Introduce your characters and describe the setting in the introduction. The body of your essay should contain most of the plot. Finish describing the action in the conclusion. Deliver the moral of your story or make a revelation or a prediction in your final sentences.

Clincal Social Work with African Americans Assignment

Clincal Social Work with African Americans - Assignment Example This discussion will focus on application of this approach to solve the challenges facing Ron, a sixteen year old boy that has exhibited aggressive behaviors and bullying towards his peers, teachers and other members of the society. Moreover, this discussion will explicit how the character of fear towards men and being flat as exhibited by Ron can be solved through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. On the other hand, Ron has a background characterized by a guardian that is drug addicted to crack; this discussion will attempt to identify if this background is contributing factor to the challenges faced by Ron. Theoretical perspectives that can be applied to solve Ron’s mental challenge will also be discussed herein. Consequently, the discussion will highlight and elaborate, whether this mental health challenge is common only among the African-Americans or whether it affects other ethnic groups. The application of Cognitive Behavioral Approach is imperative to solve the challenge facing Ron. This is due to the massive research that has been undertaken to determine the efficacy of this approach in relation to solving mood challenges, addiction to drugs and substances, personality, anxiety as well as incidences of absentee parents. The use of symptoms in Cognitive Behavioral Approach has been regarded as a factor that has enhanced its efficacy as compared to other psychodynamics approaches. From Ron’s perspective, it is apparent that his is suffering from various challenges. The first challenge faced by Ron is the fact that he has an absentee father: Research has shown that children that grow in the absence of fathers are likely to grow-up with a violent behavior. This is due to the fact that they tend to be misguided by certain quarters of the society who opt for violence as a means of solving the challenges they face. On the other hand, absentee an father affects the intellectual development of children in a negative dimension. In most